MEFLUVAC™ H5+ND7 

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease in Poultry

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses can develop from certain LPAI viruses, usually while they are circulating in poultry flocks.5  HPAI viruses can kill up to 90-100% of the flock, and cause epidemics that may spread rapidly, devastate the poultry industry and result in severe trade restrictions.⁵

The Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) classifications include pathotype categorization and genotype distinctions. The utilization of sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the F gene enables the classification of NDV strains into varied genotypes. Genotypes I and II primarily represent vaccine strains, while the more virulent NDVs are clustered within Genotypes III to X. Since the 1990s, Genotype VIII expanded across Asia, South Africa, and parts of Europe; while Genotype VII NDV strains have been frequently reported in Europe, China, the Middle East, and South Africa.^1,2,3,4

Vaccination is the primary control measure used to minimize losses.⁶

Product Details

Dosage

The vaccine dose (0.5 mL/bird) should be administered subcutaneously in the lower part of the neck or intramuscularly into the chest muscles.

Administration

Before use, the vaccine should be shaken well to ensure proper mixing. Sterile injection equipment should be used to avoid contamination.

• Subcutaneous injection: apply in the lower part of the neck. The needle should be inserted just under the skin in a direction away from the head and in a straight line with the neck.
• Intramuscular injection: when applied in the breast muscles the needle must be inserted with a 45° angle to avoid intraperitoneal injection.

For optimal booster effects, the birds should be primed with live NDV vaccines.

Storage Precautions

• Store and transport refrigerated (+2°C to +8°C). 
• Do not freeze.
• Store in a dry place protected from direct sunlight.
• Do not use this product after the expiry date.
• Shelf life after first opening the bottle: 3 hours.

Presentation

MEFLUVAC™ H5+ND7 is packed and presented in 500 mL (1000 doses) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles.

References

1. Abolnik C, Horner RF, Bisschop SP, Parker ME, Romito M, Viljoen GJ. A phylogenetic study of South African  Newcastle disease virus strains isolated between 1990 and 2002 suggests epidemiological origins in the Far East. Arch Virol. 2004;149:603–619.

2. Herczeg J, Wehmann E, Bragg R, Travassos Dias PM, Hadjiev G, Werner O, Lomniczi B. Two novel genetic groups (VIIb and VIII) responsible for recent Newcastle disease outbreaks in Southern Africa, one (VIIb) of which reached Southern Europe. Arch Virol. 1999;144:2087–2099.

3. Ke GM, Liu HJ, Lin MY, Chen JH, Tsai SS, Chang PC. Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from recent outbreaks in Taiwan. J Virol Methods. 2001;97:1–11.

4. Liu H, Wang Z, Wu Y, Zheng D, Sun C, Bi D, Zuo Y, Xu T. Molecular epidemiological analysis of Newcastle disease virus isolated in China in 2005. J Virol Methods. 2007;140:206–211.

5. The Center for Food Security and Public Health, November 2015, Avian Influenza Fowl Plague, Grippe Aviaire.

6. A. Anis, M. AboElkhair, M. Ibrahim, Characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus from Egyptian domestic waterfowl in 2017, Avian Pathol. (2018), https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2018.1470606.

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