MEFLUVAC™ H5+H9+ND7

Understanding HPAI, LPAI and NDV infections

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is an extremely contagious, multi-organ systemic disease leading to high mortality in poultry.¹ The disease is caused by H5 and H7 subtypes of type A influenza virus, belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae.¹ These HPAI viruses can develop from certain LPAI viruses, usually while these are circulating in poultry flocks.²

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza has been found in the yolk and albumen of eggs from chickens, turkeys and quail infected with HPAI viruses.²

Field results indicate that movement control, systematic surveillance for wild birds, serological monitoring in commercial poultry, complemented with biosecurity measures and vaccination, are crucial to mitigate the impact caused by HPAI and LPAI strains.³

Meanwhile, the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) genotypes I and II primarily represent vaccine strains, while the more virulent NDVs are clustered within genotypes III to X. Since the 1990s, genotype VIII expanded across Asia, South Africa, and parts of Europe; while genotype VII has been frequently reported in Europe, China, the Middle East, and South Africa.^4,5,6,7

Product Details

Dosage

The vaccine dose (0.5 mL/bird) should be administered subcutaneously in the lower part of the neck or intramuscularly in the thigh or breast muscles.

Administration

Before use, the vaccine should be shaken well to ensure proper mixing. Sterile injection equipment should be used to avoid contamination. Do not use MEFLUVAC™ H5+H9+ND7 if you notice critical irreversible separation of the emulsion.

• Subcutaneous injection: in the lower part of the neck. The needle should be inserted just under the skin in a direction away from the head and in a straight line with the neck.
• Intramuscular injection: in the chest muscles by inserting the needle with a 45° angle to avoid intraperitoneal injection. 

Storage Precautions

• Store and transport refrigerated (+2°C to +8°C).
• Do not freeze.
• Store in a dry place protected from direct sunlight.
• Do not use this product after the expiry date.
• Shelf life after first opening the bottle: 3 hours.

Presentation

MEFLUVAC™ H5 + H9 + ND7 is packed and presented in 100 mL (200 doses), 250 mL (500 doses), 300 mL (600 doses) and 500 mL (1000 doses) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles.

References

1. Swayne DE, Suarez DL. Highly pathogenic avian influenza. Rev Sci Tech. 2000 Aug;19(2):463-82. doi: 10.20506/rst.19.2.1230. PMID: 10935274.

2. The Center for Food Security and Public Health, November 2015, Avian Influenza Fowl Plague, Grippe Aviaire.

3. A. Anis, M. AboElkhair, M. Ibrahim, Characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus from Egyptian domestic waterfowl in 2017, Avian Pathol. (2018), https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2018.1470606.

4. Abolnik C, Horner RF, Bisschop SP, Parker ME, Romito M, Viljoen GJ. A phylogenetic study of South African Newcastle disease virus strains isolated between 1990 and 2002 suggests epidemiological origins in the Far East. Arch Virol. 2004;149:603–619.

5. Herczeg J, Wehmann E, Bragg R, Travassos Dias PM, Hadjiev G, Werner O, Lomniczi B. Two novel genetic groups (VIIb and VIII) responsible for recent Newcastle disease outbreaks in Southern Africa, one (VIIb) of which reached Southern Europe. Arch Virol. 1999;144:2087–2099.

6. Ke GM, Liu HJ, Lin MY, Chen JH, Tsai SS, Chang PC. Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from recent outbreaks in Taiwan. J Virol Methods. 2001;97:1–11.

7. Liu H, Wang Z, Wu Y, Zheng D, Sun C, Bi D, Zuo Y, Xu T. Molecular epidemiological analysis of Newcastle disease virus isolated in China in 2005. J Virol Methods. 2007;140:206–211.

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